Medical genetics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study of genetic causes of diseases and how inherited genetic mutations affect health. It involves diagnosing, managing, and counseling individuals and families with genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, sickle cell anemia, and various types of inherited cancers. Medical geneticists use tools like genetic testing, family history analysis, and molecular biology to identify genetic abnormalities, helping patients understand their condition and its inheritance patterns.

Advancements in genomics and DNA sequencing have greatly expanded the role of medical genetics in modern healthcare. Today, it plays a key role not only in diagnosing rare hereditary conditions but also in guiding personalized treatments, predicting disease risk, and assisting in reproductive planning. Genetic counseling is a vital part of this field, providing support and information to individuals at risk of genetic disorders. As our understanding of the human genome continues to grow, medical genetics is becoming an essential component of preventive and precision medicine.