A fistula is an abnormal connection or tunnel that forms between two organs or vessels that normally do not connect. The most common type is an anal fistula, which develops between the anal canal and the skin near the anus, often as a result of an infection in the anal glands. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, discharge of pus or blood, irritation around the anus, and discomfort while sitting or passing stools.

If left untreated, a fistula can lead to recurring infections and complications. While some low-level fistulas may be managed with medication and sitz baths, most require a minor surgical procedure to fully heal and prevent recurrence. Fistula surgery, such as fistulotomy or laser treatment, is safe, effective, and offers long-term relief. Early diagnosis and proper care are essential to avoid complications and improve comfort and quality of life.